Cover of Scalecrown, Atari 2600 Game Manual Series N.1: the title in heavy black capitals on light grey graph paper, red, orange and yellow stripes, and a painting of a knight with sword and shield facing a giant green serpent with a gold crown, in a red frame.
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Atari 2600 Game Manual Series · Volume 1

Scalecrown

6502 Assembly: Build a Complete Dungeon Adventure for the Atari 2600

Build a full game

by Eric A. Norton and Rohan A. Banerjee

Build a complete Atari 2600 dungeon adventure

Scalecrown is the first volume of the Atari 2600 Game Manual Series, where every book is independent and brings a new original game to life.

Beneath the ruins of Oakhaven lies the Crypt of Scales, and in its depths the Scalecrown, a relic of dark magic that bends every reptile in the land to its will. Sir Roderick, a wandering knight with a steel sword and an oak shield, goes down to destroy it before the curse smothers the kingdom. On the throne, the Serpent King is waiting.

The game is sixteen rooms on four levels, each narrower and more dangerous than the last: spikes that rise and fall in the floor, a key in a chest on every level and the door it opens, serpents that give chase and come back, and in the throne room the Serpent King, whose venom only the shield can stop. Break the crown, and the curse breaks with it.

The book builds the game in nine playable steps, from the first room to the finished cartridge, with 27 experiments along the way: 18 guided changes and 9 “Where it breaks” versions that make a classic mistake on purpose. The complete source code, every step and the cartridges for NTSC and PAL televisions are free on GitHub under the MIT licence, and every listing in the book is part of a file there, line for line.

Story and characters by Rohan A. Banerjee.

Inside the book

  • 6502 assembly, TIA kernels and cycle budgets
  • Sprites, playfields, movement and collisions
  • Four dungeon levels, keys, doors and timed traps
  • Sword combat, enemy behaviour and the final boss
  • TIA music, sound effects and game states
  • 32K F4SC banking, Superchip RAM, NTSC and PAL

What makes this book different

  • A real 32K cartridge

    Eight banks of 4K and the 128 extra bytes of RAM of the Superchip (F4SC). The book shows why the game needs them, and how every bank finds the others.

  • Graphics pushed to the limit

    Living stone and light that change line by line, a knight drawn at full resolution, torches and water that move, and flicker only where two objects share the same lines.

  • Every cycle counted

    The room kernel is measured line by line, down to the line with a single free cycle, and the book shows where each of the 76 cycles of a scanline goes.

  • NTSC and PAL from one source

    The same seconds and the same pictures on both televisions, checked by tests that play the cartridge in a simulator and in Stella, starting from every one of its eight banks.

The game in this book

The game you build

Atari 2600

Scalecrown

Sir Roderick goes down into the Crypt of Scales to destroy a cursed crown: sixteen rooms on four levels, timed traps, keys and doors, serpents that give chase, and the Serpent King on the throne. A 32K cartridge for the Atari 2600 in 6502 assembly.

From Scalecrown

Contents

17 chapters

Code for every chapter →

Seventeen chapters, nine steps

  1. 01Your workshop
  2. 02The 6507, the memory and the cartridge
  3. 03Racing the beam: the frame
  4. 04The playfield and the first room
  5. 05The knight
  6. 06The dungeon and the HUD
  7. 07Keys, doors and treasure
  8. 08The serpents
  9. 09The sword and the damage
  10. 10The throne room
  11. 11The Serpent King
  12. 12The TIA and the music
  13. 13Effects and sound modes
  14. 14States, title and end screens
  15. 15The hunt: how hard the game is
  16. 16Reading and checking the game
  17. 17Glossary and index

Errata

Corrections

No errors have been reported for this edition yet.

Found a mistake? Open an issue on GitHub or write to [email protected], with the page number and what it should say.